Health Economics of Medicine Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Health Economics of Medicine - Essay Example The value of Health Economics is indispensable in a society. Its scarcity is a primary concern especially among countries without ample resources to provide healthcare (Culyer, 1989). Another major issue that makes Health Economics important is the mode of distribution. There have been situations showing lack of logistic strategies that effectively deliver health to major recipients. Finally, the sustenance of supply and allocation of health care makes Health Economics valuable. In ensuring both the necessities are satisfied, costs have to be incurred consistently. It is the spending capacity of countries that decide supply and distribution of healthcare. According to Fuchs (1996, pp.1-24), the level of expenditures incurred by governments in healthcare delivery has increased precipitously. The sudden rise in cost can be attributed to intellectual advances, greater availability of information, and the ever-increasing demand for such service. The dedication of government spending to health care services results to various economic sacrifices. Aside from health, there are pressing needs that the society needs to acquire. Concentration in healthcare looms problems such as forging quality education and the generation of sustainable income through investments and government spending. Direct costs of delivering healthcare involve purchase of medicines, establishments of medical institutions, and hiring of personnel knowledgeable of health services. Other costs also include research and development, which at present is the most critical item being propagated by governments. Moreover, the government needs to incur indirect costs such as building of infrastructures to ensure that transportation and communication improves healthcare delivery. Furthermore, the marginal cost of health care needs to be evaluated. Unlike the total cost, which is simply an aggregate, marginal cost

Cultural Experience Essay Example for Free

Cultural Experience Essay A friend of mine is a close friend of an Indian family who lives in the same general area that my friend and I live in. My friend told Mrs. Suayna Patel about my assignment and we were both invited over to dinner at her and Mr. Rajesh Patel’s house for Saturday dinner. My friend and I were warmly invited into their two-story really large tan blockhouse. It is actually located just yards from a hotel they own called â€Å"Passport Inn. † They also occupy the two closest/adjoining rooms to the hotel’s lobby designed as a more modest second home they live out of when there are working as the hotel clerks. Their house was very elegantly decorated in a way with an obvious female touch. It had an incense smell to it, but enjoyable, not over-powering. I was initially invited into what I believe was their living room. The house had quite a few rooms downstairs so I’m not positive it was their living room. I think all of the family’s bedrooms were located on the second floor. Mrs. Suayna Patel invited me to sit on a sofa and then she proceeded to sit down on the other end. She was very soft-spoken and I really didn’t understand everything she said. She introduced me to her husband Rajesh. Rajesh, on the other hand, almost spoke as if he were a native of the U. S. although they both came here in 1997 after his uncle purchased two hotels. Their children, nine-year old son Siva and a twelve-year old daughter, Sanirika were born in the U. S. They pretty much acted like American children but possibly with more manners. I’m only stating this because we were to keenly observe things, but both children were over-weight probably like the majority of their American peers. The only communication barriers I had or I should say we had, was between Suayna and myself. Sometimes we didn’t understand one another but my friend would subtly and courteously intervene and help. They gradually lessened but her husband was quite a bit more extraverted than she was, so he talked to us while Suayna finished cooking the dinner. Suayna was definitely more passive and mild-mannered than the typical American woman and Mr. And Mrs. Patel did assume what we refer to as traditional male and female roles, although my American parents do also. I talked with the children because they were in the room. They had very little Indian accent and were more than willing to answer questions and talk to me. They were the most extraverted and talkative members of their family, possibly partially due to that they were raised here and have no communication differences from Americans. Suayna invited my friend and I to the table and had us sit down first and then the rest of the family sat down with Rajesh being the last one to be seated. I followed their lead at the table because I didn’t want to talk much at the table if it wasn’t something that was acceptable. However, they made me comfortable and just talked like any American family at the dinner table. Suayna served the best Chicken Curry with Rice, Naan bread (Dsouza, 2006), and lentil dish I have ever eaten in my life, by the way. I do think their family was more polite between one another and in talking with me than a typical American family. It could have been because of their company but I don’t think so. This isn’t always untypical of American families but I did notice Rajesh didn’t help out with the making of dinner. He did, however assist in removing the dinnerware and utensils from the table after dinner while neither of them allowed the company to help with the work. Unlike most families of my culture, I guess part of their behavioral language could be that they didn’t seem like had felt a need to occupy every second with words. There was no usage of divergence speaking or emotive language. I feel this is at least partly due to that they didn’t speak at all in a â€Å"self-important† manner whatsoever—even the children, at least while I was there. There was no usage of gestures when talking and there was no creativity or sense of humor in their conversation. They did use relative words when they were telling us why it was easier for them to visit their relatives in India then for their relatives to visit them in America. Overall, their language was cordial and to the point. They spoke pretty succinctly without being verbose. In fact, Mr. And Mrs. Patel spoke slower and less often than the families and friends I typically would eat with. It actually felt pretty peaceful. The children spoke a little more but they never spoke loudly at the table. As far as what I learned about the culture, because this was just one Indian-American family, I can’t make too many generalizations but I do feel they relate to one another in a quieter, probably a more gentle and peaceful manner than a typical American family. Their overall home and family had a more peaceful feel to it. It was a pleasant experience of India. Source Used Dsouza, Z. (2006). Veda: the essential Indian cookbook. Baltimore [Md. ]: PublishAmerica.

Features and Functions of Information Systems

Features and Functions of Information Systems In this assignment I am going to describe the features and functions of an information system and demonstrate my knowledge in information systems and ability to use the skills necessary to produce management information (information to aid in decision making) I am required to know the features and functions of information systems and to be able to use IT tools to produce management information. In this assignment I am to use my own client. I am required to write a report for my client that uses some theoretical knowledge and spreadsheets from my client. In the assignment I must describe the features and functions of information system and explain the one I am using in my spreadsheet and why am I using it. I am to produce information from my clients system access and manipulate the data to present it in suitable formats to support organisational decision making. Describe the features and functions of information systems (P4) Features and functions of information systems (IS) There are various features of an information system and each of them has a specific function. Data is the most essential element in an information system. Raw details and figures of the company is known as data which is processed to make information. All the data have to be stored in the information system and processed in an accurate way. Data without being processed is of no purpose and use. Once it is processed it is called information which can then be used for required purposes in the system for gaining commercial advantage. The data which is obtained has to be reliable as the whole system will get corrupted if it comes from an unknown and devious source. The data has to be up to date and timely as there are updates and modernisation which happens frequently. For instance, Data can be about various things such as figures of the age groups, addresses and gender of clients. In an IS to obtain and capture data, it has to be collected from people. People can manipulate as well as help in making information for the system. For instance if data has to be collected about the number of cars people bought in a month it has to be collected from people. They are the main interpretation of information and chose what data to be entered into the system. For instance a person from the banking department can choose what all information to display in there IS. The same way there are different organisation which presents information depending on how it will benefit their company. A person can even be part of the information system if they are trained well to use the system accurately. People even play as the client and all data is collected from them for the flow of information. This data captured is then used for processing information which would help the organisation to know about the sales and finance of the company and analyse to improvise its systems. In an information system hardware is the computers used to store and collect information. Hardware is another essential feature of an information system for its functioning. The hardware should have large storage space to store the vast amount of data input into the system.   For small companies PCS can be enough but for larger companies they have to collect information from other sources so need to have internet access. So servers are connected to the system so that it provides internet for sharing information online via email. For safety purposes so that only the employees of the organisation can have access to the information servers such as intranet can also be used. So the hardware which would be used should be compatible to connect to the internet and transformation of data into information. The hardware used should even be easily accessible and up to date for functioning without any disruption to the IS. To build an information system a software have to be used. Along with the hardware the software is also essential as the main processing of data into information takes place in the software. Depending on the quires of the users the information has to be processed. The software used should have common features for building the system with causing minimum errors in the system. The software has to be compatible of processing vast amount of data. For instance any Microsoft program can be used to build a software, preferably Microsoft excel is used for financial stats and figures. In information system telecommunications play a vital role for the transfer of data and information using internet/intranet. It acts as the distribution of data from people to different organisations for the required queries. Mostly organisations prefer using intranet for more safety so that only the employees of the company can have access of the information being processed. As the information is on the internet it has to be shared on a reliable source. Apart from all the features of an information system it even has large amounts of functions. One function of the information system is the input. It is divided into two sub-parts. The function of the first part is that the input of detailed data is stored, processed and creates the base from the information system. The second sub- part of the input is that the user must also tell what kind of analyses they want from the IS. The input allows users to specify what they want from the output and analyse what must be done to make any changes. Sometimes this second sub function is hidden from the users and not always available. The second function is known as Storage handles all the data that is inputted into the information system. Everything stored is always in the highest detailed level so that it is accurate and easily accessible. There should be regular backups done so that in case of any error/virus, all the data stored is not lost. They should always be stored in different locations to avoid getting damaged by natural calamities. This storage has an impact on the original data storage as well as the backup data storage. The third function is processing which converts data into information. A simple process would be adding up all the products sold by a company by a variable such as the location, time and date of the store. Select information to support a business decision-making process (P6) In this part of the assignment I created quotes for a car insurance company called P.B Services Ltd. I created them by entering random peoples names, addresses, gender, cars bought, and ages, what kind of insurance they bought, if there is another driver who would use the vehicle and if they would receive any no claims discount or not. After I entered data I filed a quote for each person. Then the software which I used created quotes for their overall car insurance.   I did the same for around fifteen people. The prices differed for each person because the data entered was different. This information which I selected and created can be used for gaining commercial advantage as well as decision making. If this information collected is analysed the company would know how much insurance is paid by each person and how they could improve their service by adding any extra service and increasing the cost. This information would even be helpful to know the statistics and figures of the company.

The Age of Innocence Essay -- Literary Analysis, Edith Wharton

The book The Age of Innocence by Edith Wharton presents a glance into the society of old New York, as seen through the eyes of the main character, Newland Archer. Newland Archer’s character is an interesting one, and it seems to change throughout the story, representing the idea that the rules set by society aren’t always perfect. In the beginning it is said that he does what is expected, is fashionable, and follows the rules set by New York society in which he grew up. However, toward the end of the book, we see changes in his character, reflected in his suggestions or thoughts about doing things that people from the elite New York society wouldn’t consider. Newland Archers follows the rules that have been set to him by the elite New York Society. There are many references to the way that things are and aren’t done, and the importance he places on them. It is stated that â€Å"what was or was not ‘the thing’ played a part as important in Newland Archer’s New York as the inscrutable totem terrors that had ruled the destinies of his forefathers thousands of years ago† (2). This belief in following the rules is also reflected in what Archer thinks of himself, his future wife, and the way he reacts to Countess Olenska’s presence. Archer is someone who is vain, has high self-esteem, a big ego, and believes he is superior. He states that he â€Å"felt himself distinctly superior of these chosen specimens of old New York gentility; he had probably read more, thought more, and even seen a good deal more of the world, than any other man of the number† (4).Archer believed that his wife should  "develop a social tact and readiness of wit enabling her to hold her own with the most popular married women of the ‘younger set,’ in which it was the recog... ...away, and he considers divorcing May so that he could marry Madame Olenska. Newland Archer is a very complex character. Although at first he seems to be the typical male in New York society, we soon see that through Madame Olenska’s influence, he changes the way that he sees the world that he grew up in. He begins to question the rules, routines, and patterns, and begins to understand topics that were once considered taboo and not talked about. Newland Archer seems to have many layers to his personality, and in a way May represents the proper, formal, and routine part of society that he knows so well, and Ellen seems to represent the part of his personality that wishes to be free of all rules and explore the world before him. Ultimately, fate seems to force him back into the rules of society in which he grew up in, showing a pattern that one can’t seem to escape. The Age of Innocence Essay -- Literary Analysis, Edith Wharton The book The Age of Innocence by Edith Wharton presents a glance into the society of old New York, as seen through the eyes of the main character, Newland Archer. Newland Archer’s character is an interesting one, and it seems to change throughout the story, representing the idea that the rules set by society aren’t always perfect. In the beginning it is said that he does what is expected, is fashionable, and follows the rules set by New York society in which he grew up. However, toward the end of the book, we see changes in his character, reflected in his suggestions or thoughts about doing things that people from the elite New York society wouldn’t consider. Newland Archers follows the rules that have been set to him by the elite New York Society. There are many references to the way that things are and aren’t done, and the importance he places on them. It is stated that â€Å"what was or was not ‘the thing’ played a part as important in Newland Archer’s New York as the inscrutable totem terrors that had ruled the destinies of his forefathers thousands of years ago† (2). This belief in following the rules is also reflected in what Archer thinks of himself, his future wife, and the way he reacts to Countess Olenska’s presence. Archer is someone who is vain, has high self-esteem, a big ego, and believes he is superior. He states that he â€Å"felt himself distinctly superior of these chosen specimens of old New York gentility; he had probably read more, thought more, and even seen a good deal more of the world, than any other man of the number† (4).Archer believed that his wife should  "develop a social tact and readiness of wit enabling her to hold her own with the most popular married women of the ‘younger set,’ in which it was the recog... ...away, and he considers divorcing May so that he could marry Madame Olenska. Newland Archer is a very complex character. Although at first he seems to be the typical male in New York society, we soon see that through Madame Olenska’s influence, he changes the way that he sees the world that he grew up in. He begins to question the rules, routines, and patterns, and begins to understand topics that were once considered taboo and not talked about. Newland Archer seems to have many layers to his personality, and in a way May represents the proper, formal, and routine part of society that he knows so well, and Ellen seems to represent the part of his personality that wishes to be free of all rules and explore the world before him. Ultimately, fate seems to force him back into the rules of society in which he grew up in, showing a pattern that one can’t seem to escape.

Citizen Bank Case

The merger of U. S. Citizen Bank and Louisiana Purchase Bank (LPB) in 1998 resulted in a formation of a financial powerhouse possessing core competencies in commercial lending and innovation. Upon recognizing the much needed annuity-driven market potential existing within the U. S. college population, the LPB pioneered the student credit card program in 1989. Indeed, the student credit card program proved to be more profitable with net income margin around 6 percent compared to that of 4 percent for non-student product offerings. In fact, LPB was collecting revenue on 60 percent of its accounts. The sheer magnitude of credit usage among college students caught public’s attention. Well respected college professors claimed direct correlation between credit institutions’ success and college students’ irresponsible financial behavior leading to debt and higher drop-out rates. Due to this increased public awareness, The U. S.  General Accounting Office (GAO) initiated an investigative report to further analyze the magnitude of student credit card usage and its consequences on students’ academic, financial, and personal well-being. The GAO asked LPB’s head of Student Card Services division, Michelle Jeffries, to participate in a survey soliciting data pertinent to their college student accounts as well as information regarding LPB’s marketing approach to this demographic. Data submitted would be compared to that of other (unnamed) financial institutions and published (in aggregate) without identifying individual responders. In addition, Michelle Jeffries was notified that a popular investigative television series, ’60 Minutes’ will be featuring a story on student credit cards and plans to portray credit card issuers in a negative light similar to that of tobacco companies. I believe Michelle is in the best position to be the key decision maker due to the fact that she has the most insight into divisional operations, objectives, and values. She is the leader of the student credit card services division and should be the one to decide and communicate next steps – after having gathered input from other constituents – including the President, Risk Manager and other employees. Michelle needs to consider the interests of U. S. Citizen Bank, its employees and shareholders, all calling for a profitable and prospering organization. In addition, she needs to consider the rights of general public and media to know what U. S.  Citizen Bank’s ultimate objectives are, including its corporate values and goals. Does U. S. Citizen Bank need to have a moral obligation to look after the best interests of customers it serves? If so, what is in college students’ best interest when it comes to credit cards? Is it ethical to extend credit to students? Finally, Michelle needs to think about her own virtues and character in addition to those of the organization. What virtues does the company value the most? Do those align with her personal virtues? The most important ethical issue at hand is the implied allegation that success of U. S Citizen Bank’s Student Card Services division was at the expense of college students’ financial well-being. That begs the question of moral obligation and the ethics of extending credit to college students. Another important ethical issue is U. S. Citizen Bank’s response to the public in regards to the GAO survey as well as 60 Minutes. The bank is being asked to disclose confidential customer information as well as their business and marketing plans. Lastly, Michelle needs to marry her own personal values to those of the organization which she leads. She has a solid track record of being honest, fair and ethical and she needs to lead the organization keeping those core values in mind. Lastly, she needs to assure those shared values are actually being practiced. Michelle is presented with the following possible options. She could disregard GAO’s request for information on grounds of protecting customer privacy as well as corporate business and marketing plans in terms of promotional and marketing strategies. She could also choose not to publicly address 60 Minutes to avoid the possibility of self-imposed negative attention on U. S. Citizen Bank in relation to the series. Another viable option would be to submit the requested information to the GAO as well as publicly address the 60 Minutes series while firmly defending company’s current strategy without identifying any holes or areas for improvement. The third option would be to respond to the GAO’s request as well as release a public statement in response to the 60 Minutes series clearly identifying U.  S. Citizen Bank’s corporate values, objectives and responsibilities to all of its stakeholders. In both responses, Michelle could acknowledge things the corporation believes they’ve done right as well as things they could and plan to improve on in response to helping college students become more financially responsible when it comes to credit card debt. Michelle should respond to the GAO survey by submitting requested account data and marketing information while emphasizing company’s strong commitment to customer privacy and onfidentiality of information submitted. She should address the 60 Minutes series by clearly identifying and defending her organization’s values and commitment to its customers. She should highlight company’s accomplishments and strides in the area of student credit card education programs. Furthermore, she should identify areas of improvement with well-defined action plans that will elevate the organization to the next level vs. merely pointing out weaknesses to the competitors. The overall theme should re-iterate company’s commitment to all of its stakeholders, acknowledging what they’ve done to support that commitment followed by an action plan to further evolve and improve their student credit card education programs. They should raise the bar for all credit card issuers on educating college students on responsible use of credit cards. More importantly, they should publicly acknowledge their ethical responsibility to provide customers with information necessary to make sound financial decisions. Michelle also needs to ensure external communication aligns with the internal translation in order to successfully execute publicly announced action plan. Internal stakeholders need to be assured that external message is honest and action-driven and not just a media ‘spin’ to protect company’s interests. An internal communication to employees and shareholders should clearly translate the external message into sustainable long-term profitability and well-being of the company. Considering the interests of all parties involved, the suggested approach is clearly the right one. By publicly acknowledging and recognizing an increased concern surrounding college students’ credit card debt, they will gain public’s sympathy and respect. By choosing to do something about it via a well defined action plan, they will gain public’s trust. By gaining public’s trust, they will gain a more loyal and increased customer base which will contribute to company’s long-term profitability. In addition, this approach will clearly communicate company’s values and traits of responsible corporate citizenship which will set an example for other companies in their industry, including their competitors. One might argue the organization should really re-evaluate the business they are in as it may not be morally responsible to extend credit cards to students. I would argue that the morality question certainly does come into play and should definitely be considered when deciding on tactics used to promote and market credit cards to students. However, the actual extension of credit to students, by its nature, is not unethical. In fact, when utilized properly, it serves students’ interests by allowing them to build credit history while teaching financial responsibility and spending within means. In conclusion, while credit lending geared towards college students is not considered unethical business to be in, marketing techniques utilized to promote such products and service may certainly cross ethical boundaries.

Packet Switching and Fibre Optics in Modern Communication and Data Storage

Packet Switching and Fibre Optics in Modern Communication and Data Storage Future vision of data communication in fibre Fibre optics has continued to provide a flexible technology that enables the transfer of large amounts of data across long distances at very high bandwidths.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Packet Switching and Fibre Optics in Modern Communication and Data Storage specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Optical fibre technology has been tried and tested in transoceanic communication and offers gigabit communication bandwidths which enable high speed data transfer. This helps to speed up communication and access to internet services across the world at affordable prices. Advancing to the use of fibre optics in data communication will provide a platform suitable for up to 2.5Gbit/sec of data transfer. Such a platform is expected to support various architectures of communication with examples being layouts such as ring, star, bus and tree configurations. Most of these layou ts are advantageous since they have higher fault tolerance than those that are in use currently. This therefore means that they will be more effective in terms of transmitting huge amounts of data. Optical fibre will therefore offer a secure data communication channel since it is not possible to tamper with them without detection. This is due to the fact that the power loss that occurs due to tampering cannot go unnoticed (Agrawal, 2002). It has been suggested by many communication experts that optical fibre is very expensive and fragile. It is however expected that the continued manufacture of optical fibre cables will lower the costs and therefore make fibre the cheaper option as compared to copper. Another major concern is the fragility associated with fibre. Any installation of fibre should be carried out by technicians who are knowledgeable about it in order to avoid losses due to breakages (Agrawal, 2002).Advertising Looking for research paper on other technology? Let' s see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Future analysis of packet switching Packet switching is another technology that is expected to have a great impact on the future of communication. In future, packet switching is expected to shape the storage of data due to the fact that the amount of digital data that need storage space today is increasing at a very fast rate and packet switching will offer the solution needed. The recent past has seen an incredible increase in the demand for capacity for the storage of data as a result of increased use of the internet and other related services. It is therefore necessary for data transport networks to evolve in order to meet these needs. Packet switching therefore will be used to provide an optical layer which can be reconfigured with optical cross-connects in order to realise a flexible core with a very high bandwidth capable of supporting the increased capacity. This means that this evolution a nd adoption of packet switching will offer the technology industry a circuit switched optical layer which will enable high capacity data storage and transfer as well as fast circuit provisioning (OMahony et al., 2002). The increasing multimedia traffic in terms of internet use has also led to the need for the development of packet switching. This is due to the fact that it will help ensure that network resources are used in an economical manner. Packet switching offers very high bandwidth efficiency and therefore plays an important role in making this possible. It has also been envisioned that in future, optical packet router can be used as an edge network device which will be designed to function as an interface to link the optical domain to the electronic ones.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Packet Switching and Fibre Optics in Modern Communication and Data Storage specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This i s expected to provide flexibility and efficiency at a lower cost than when using electronic routers (OMahony et al., 2002). Conclusion The discussion above has shown that the future of communication and data storage and transfer are expected to change as a result of these two technologies. They will provide the high bandwidth and efficiency required to support the increasing need for internet services and data storage capacity. References Agrawal, G. P. (2002). Fiber-Optic Communication Systems. New York: John Wiley Sons. OMahony, M. J., Simeonidou, D., Hunter, D. K. Tzanakaki, A. (2002). The application of optical packet switching in future communication networks. Communications Magazine IEEE, 39(3), 128-135

Banana Oil Lab Report Essays

Banana Oil Lab Report Essays Banana Oil Lab Report Paper Banana Oil Lab Report Paper Once all the needed chemicals were added we waited for about 70-minutes for the reaction to take place. The desired temperature for the reaction was ICC. We also had the solution at a constant stir. After the reaction was done taking place, we began to purification process. We used a pipette to remove the excess water and impurities that were underneath the banana oil. We removed all that was available and then began to add sodium carbonate to help wash and dry the mixture. Slowly shaking the banana oil inside the ml side to side, allowing CO to escape the ml vial. We did this twice aging sure all the excess impurities were removed. As we had our final solution of banana oil, we used the I. R. Spectra to conclude our results. The I. R. Spectra showed us that the compound we produced had no peak at comic-1. The banana oil peaked at roughly comic-1. We concluded from these results that all the alcohol was extracted and the final product was banana oil. Purpose The purpose of our lab was to reflux an isopleths alcohol with carboxylic acid (acetic acid), adding three drops of sulfuric acid acting as a catalyst to produce an ester (isopleths acetate) and water. We verified our answers using infrared spectroscopy. Calculations for Percent Yield To find the percent yield we had to first find moles of our limiting reagent. 1) Weight of ml vial + cap =28. Egg 2) Weight of ml vial + cap +1. Ml of isopleths alcohol= 28. Egg 3) Weight of ml vial + cap + 1. Ml of isopleths alcohol + 1. Ml acetic acid= 30. Egg First we calculated the difference of the 1 and 2 (2-1= difference)= 0. Egg. Then, we found the difference of 1 and 3, =1. Egg. Using the molecular weight of the molecules of isopleths alcohol and acetic acid we found the moles of each molecule. For isopleths alcohol we calculated, (0. Egg/1) / (88. G/mom=). 0083 moles of isopleths alcohol. The moles for acetic acid were calculated at 0. 0255 mol= (1. Egg/1) / (60. G/mol). Once we found that isopleths alcohol was the limiting reagent, we found how many grams of banana oil were possible to produce. This number came out to be, (O,moll) x 1. 08066g= theoretical yield. Our final product (actual yield) we produce 0. 41 egg of banana oil. We then took this number to find our percent yield, x 100= 38. 2% Purification Process For the purification process we needed to rid the solution of any excess Heimlich besides the banana oil. To do this, we needed to understand a little about what makes a solution. Two factors that affect the ability of a solution to form are: 1) the natural tendency of substances to mix and spread into larger volumes when not restrained in some way 2) the types of intermolecular forces in the solution. In the case of the alcohol and the carbonyl acid, the two molecules reacted to form isopleths acetate and water. All of the isopleths alcohol was reacted with acetic acid and due to the solubility between the two molecules we were able to extract the water and acetic acid. This was done using a pipette to remove the bottom layer of the solution and it was possible because the alcohol was not soluble in the water. The second extraction required the use of one ml of sodium carbonate to wash the mixture by slowly shaking it until the bubbling stopped. We then removed the cap to allow the release of carbon dioxide out of the mixture, this was done two times. Finally, we began drying the mixture with sodium sulfate. Results from Infrared Spectroscopy After completing the washing a drying of our mixture, we then took our final product to be tested using infrared spectroscopy. Only items needed for this was the I. R. Spectra, a pipette, and a computer. We placed a drop on the eye of the spectrograph and waiting for our results. We noticed from our finding that at comic-1 our mixture had no peak. This meant that we successfully removed all the excess alcohol from our mixture. Furthermore, we notice a distinct peak at 1750 CM-l . This confirmed that we in fact had banana oil as our final product. Conclusion In this experiment we ended up with a percent yield of 38. 2%. The reasons for a lower percent yield could be attributed to factor not all isopleths alcohol reacting ND extracting some of the product out with the excess water. The isopleths alcohol is a hydrophobic molecule with a hydrophilic head end. This allows the molecule to react with the carboxylic acid which is a hydrophilic molecule. We know this by the bonds associated with both molecules. The alcohol is a non polar By using the IR. Spectra, we first noticed that there was no peak at comic-1. This is significant because if there was any excess alcohol within the mixture we would see a peak. At 1739. CACM-1, we see a noticeable peak showing us that for our final product we did in fact have banana oil.

Voodoo Secrets

Voodoo Secrets Voodoo as a religion has its roots in traditional African religions. It original name is Vodu, but that paved way for the more widespread name; Voodoo. Other names referring to it include â€Å"Voudou, Vaudau, Voudoux, or Vaudaux† (Tallant 9). Captured slaves from West Africa carried its essential ideology into Haiti, then to America.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Voodoo Secrets specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The practice of Voodoo involves, â€Å"complicated rituals and symbols† (Riguad 7). It involves the worship of spiritual deities, with priests called papa loa, which means â€Å"father of the spirits† (Felix 21), and priestesses acting as intermediaries between the spiritual world, and humanity. Some of them also operate as oracles, revealing spiritual mysteries to those who seek their services. The term Voodoo also describes a charm that has supernatural powers known as juju. A dherents believe that it acts as a protective force over them. They also use it to mete out revenge on their enemies. Voodoo therefore refers to an entire religious system and to certain specific aspects of its practice. Voodoo picked pace from the practices of a snake cult in Haiti during the slave trade period. The cult came from West Africa and spread with slave trade, in the Americas and to Haiti. As new slave communities grew in the Americas, different religious identities amalgamated into a unified faith as the slave communities tried to forge a common belief system to unify them in their new locales. Felix says, â€Å"Voodoo became the intermingling of essential attributes of all the religions of the different African tribes to which poorly assimilated elements of Catholicism were added† (20). Voodoo got its form in Haiti, which was an important station during slave trade. Missionary efforts among the slaves saw them incorporate elements of Catholicism in practice of t he Voodoo religion. In the process, some Voodoo spirits replaced catholic saints because of close relationships between their roles. Currently, it is common to find prayers offered to Mary and other Catholic elements such as the Lord’s Prayer and the sign of the cross forming part of the Voodoo liturgy. In fact, many Voodoo adherents are staunch Catholics. In America, Voodoo practice first took place in New Orleans before spreading to other states. This was because of the role New Orleans played in slave trade.Advertising Looking for research paper on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The Voodoo belief system builds on the idea of an all-powerful impersonal Supreme Being responsible for creation of the entire universe, but who does not get involved in day-to-day running characterized by the affairs of men. The adherents worship lesser deities known as Loa who are animistic spirits. The initia l practice of Voodoo revolved around slave communities that sought to retain the vital link with their ancestral heritage. Present followers include descendants of these slaves spread throughout the Americas. In addition, tourists all over the world visit Voodoo priests and priestesses in America and Haiti to obtain special charms and amulets for all manner of purposes.  Its practice involves praying, dancing, and ritualistic expressions. It is important to distinguish between faithful adherents who actually believe in power of Voodoo, and those who participate in Voodoo recreational purposes. The use of dolls in Voodoo is the enduring image of the faith system though this is only a piece of the entire system. This view, propagated by Hollywood horror movies, depicts Voodoo priests as spiritual powerhouses using the dolls to control the outcome of an individual’s activities. There are a number of opponents to Voodoo who believe it is evil. Official catholic faith rejects Vo odoo as demonic and considers use of saints in the Voodoo liturgy as syncretism. The question of whether Voodoo is fact or fiction is hard to answer sufficiently using a scientific approach. It does not lend itself to purely scientific investigation to determine its efficacy. This is true for all faith-based systems. Evidence given by practicing Voodoo adherents does not meet criteria for objective study because they are likely to associate ordinary outcomes to their faith. It is difficult to dissociate outcomes of Voodoo mediated occurrences from random chance. The Placebo effect also applies to Voodoo. Someone may actually experience a favorable outcome because of participation in Voodoo rituals based on their belief in the efficacy of the service received. Taking a healing portion from a Voodoo priest may result in better physical health. We can therefore conclude that Voodoo is effective to the extent that such outcomes portray a positive relationship to Voodoo practice. Voodoo has had many tangible consequences in the world. The most notable was the drive towards independence by Haiti, which begun in earnest during a Voodoo festival, where all the participants took an oath to fight for independence. Consequently, Haiti became the first predominantly Negro nation to attain independence. Riguad also attest to some of the effects of voodoo practice when he says, â€Å"a curious moral consequence of the slave trade was the exaltation of the African religion by an increase of faith in the Voodoo divinities† (12). Berry identifies one of the mystifying occurrences of Voodoo when he says, â€Å"One of the most spectacular features of Voodoo is ritual possession trance, in which saints (loa) enter into and â€Å"possess† the practitioner, who can either be a believer (with no special psychological problem), a patient, or a priest/doctor who seeks to heal†. This shows that Voodoo is not without its share of paranormal occurrences that science cannot fully explain.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Voodoo Secrets specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Berry, John, et al. Cross-cultural psychology: research and applications. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992. Print. Felix, Emmanuel. Understanding Haitian Voodoo. USA: Xulon Press, 2009. Print Riguad, Milo. Secrets of voodoo. New York: Lights Books, 1985. Print. Tallant, Robert. Voodoo in New Orleans. Louisiana: Pelican Publishing, 1983. Print.

The Erosion of Language and Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Erosion of Language and Culture - Essay Example A language represents human experience and knowledge, and, as such, must be preserved. Technology, specifically the Internet and electronic communications, offers an unprecedented opportunity to reinvigorate language and culture among a whole new community, one that exists in cyberspace. Keywords: Globalization, cultures, languages, homogenization, lingua franca, English, Internet.   The Erosion of Language and Culture: The High Price of Globalization The most important cultural issue facing the world is globalization and its overwhelming impact on so much that is culturally unique and worthy of preservation. The great downside of the technological revolution that has super-connected the most distant reaches of the planet is the homogenization of disparate cultures. While the developmental and economic benefits of electronic communication technologies cannot be denied, particularly in economically disadvantaged countries, the means by which â€Å"improvement† is accomplished is also the means by which traditions are marginalized and, most significantly, by which languages are threatened. Language is the expression of a culture’s soul and the repository of its history and artistic achievement. Yet globalization and the concomitant spread of the English language have contributed to the extinction of many languages and threaten countless others. It is as if technology and finance have succeeded in accomplishing, in a relatively short span of time, what centuries of imperialism, subjugation, and criminalization of native languages could not. Language extinction is not simply a matter of natural selection, a Darwinian weeding-out of moribund tongues. â€Å"Languages change as they pass from the lips of one generation to the next, but there is nothing about this process of transmission which makes for decay or extinction† (Ostler, 2006). When English overwhelms an ancient language it is, to be sure, a matter of â€Å"survival of the fittest.â €  It is also an erosion of human knowledge, a marginalization of the expressing and sharing of human experience (Haviland, Prins, McBride & Walrath, 2009, p. 170-71). As the medium for transmitting and growing culture, language is the source of the most desperate cultural struggle against the assimilating effects of globalization. In Haviland, there are two sections that address this issue, expanding on globalization as something much more than a mindless technological phenomenon that sprang into being so that countries could do business rapidly and efficiently. In â€Å"Language and Communication† and â€Å"Global Changes and the Role of Anthropology,† language is examined as an exploitable and vulnerable precious resource (Haviland, Prins, et al, 2009, pp. 162, 316). This being so, the rise of globalization has inspired a consequent reaction in many countries. Where once languages were taken for granted, many countries now regard their native tongues as priceless assets to be protected against foreign incursion. In France, a growing concern over the purity of the French language has led the government to launch a dubious campaign to expunge English terms, such as le hamburger and e-mail (Haviland, Prins, et al, 2009, p. 170).  Ã‚  

Assig 14 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Assig 14 - Essay Example It runs deep within the corporate culture. Worth remarked, â€Å"Culture comes from purpose. They changed their purpose from quality to growth and the behavior changed accordingly. In a sense, with that change in purpose, some trouble was inevitable.†(Worth,2010) At the same time, Toyota found itself struggling to inculcate newcomers in the companys unique culture -- The Toyota Way. Kazuo Akatsuka, 55, saw the generational change first-hand and worried at the signs of change..(Layne et.al, 2010) b.2) Family ownership of the Toyoda family of the company. Ownership and Leadership can be considered as a deterrent factor for innovations in the company. If the owner and at the same time head or CEO is weak, then failures of the company could be reflective of a bad leadership. For example, Reuter’s article described, â€Å" Toyota President Akio Toyoda was criticized for not acting quickly enough when the automakers safety issues first came to light earlier this year †¦Ã¢â‚¬ (Kim, C.R., 2010). Primarily, to address the quality sleepage in view of the total recall campaign, Toyota now commits to achieve â€Å"zero customer complaints† (Toyota, 2010) and its strategies are more inclined to be Incremental technological innovation characterized by technological change that represents a continual refinement of some base technology. Now that they have discovered the root of the problem, TMC vowed to stretch out their workforce to do the refinements. (Layne,et.al.,2010) After years of sterling reliability and the final setback with the Total Recall Campaign, President A. Toyoda remarked, "We need a renewed commitment to placing customers first and to reviewing all our work processes from the customers perspective," (Kim, 2010). The above question would be similar to Takeuchi’s question â€Å"how does the company (TMC) cope up with the hazards of constant change and growth?â€Å" The answer is they

Quality Management in Business Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Quality Management in Business - Assignment Example The group has a net operating cash flow of  £125.5 million. In the year 2014, Zizzi managed to sell products worth  £594.7 million. Depicting a 5.6% increase in total sales from the previous year. Zizzi’s earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortization accumulated to  £119.1 million. There have been significant improvements in food perceptions among Zizzi customers according to The Big Restaurant survey in 2014. Zizzi restaurant is ISO certified (Woodhouse, 2014). I. Understanding the various quality management strategies/techniques that are suitable for commercial operations Zizzi restaurant is perceived to offer services of high quality. Zizzi demonstrates quality by striving to provide the best possible services to its customers. This is offered by Zizzi’s highly trained and talented chefs who cook very delicious Italian and local meals. The design of every restaurant is performed by local artists to ensure the restaurant entails local people’s tastes and preferences. The restaurant utilizes the following dimensions when measuring the quality of services to its customers (McCormick, 2002):  · Features – Zizzi examines the features of different dishes offered in its menu to measure the quality of the services it provides. Dish features include special recipes desserts and spices.  · Performance – The restaurant also scrutinizes financial reports to assess the quality of service it offers. The Increase in total sales indicates a rise in the quality of service provided. Alternatively, a decrease in total sales will imply a reduction in quality.

Assignment 480 ch.6 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

480 ch.6 - Assignment Example This is therefore, a crucial process that will help match the goals and values of the hospital with the needs and expectations of the new employee. The essay will outline the process that will be used in hiring a nurse and develop a job description for this position. As earlier stated, the hospital does not have both the job description, and the hiring procedure. As a human resource specialist, my first objective will to develop the description and specifications of the job, and in our case is nursing. Job analysis is the first step when developing a job description. This will include gathering data on the nature, and position of the job vacancy at the hospital (Arthur, 2012). This will help determine the personal characteristic, knowledge, skills, and other characteristics, (KSAOs), that the job demands. The data gathered will be recorded in a document entailing the specifications and descriptions of the job. The two documents will aid the recruiters and applicants on learning the objectives and requirements of the job vacancy. The second step will involve developing a hiring procedure/process for the hospital. The role of the hiring procedure is to ensure that the hiring is in accordance the values, capacities, and need of the hospital. Additionally, it helps in identification of the system and tools that will aid the hiring process (Arthur, 2012). For the hospital to hire the best candidate there is need for the presence of a large number of applicants. The applicants are informed through employee referral, advertisements, walk-ins, and school recruiters, depending on the cost, time, and resources available. Selection techniques are then employed to ensure the candidate who is best qualified is selected for the job. Scientific selection methods are also employed when selecting the employee. In our case, the hiring procedure will be simple but effective since it is only meant to address one

Contraception Mandate in ACA , American policy Essay

Contraception Mandate in ACA , American policy - Essay Example alue issues that these interest groups have against the contraception mandate and consider the best way to reconcile the mandate with those value issues (Persily, 2013). Using a problem framing approach, I would start by identifying the problem through gathering data on the different views of people who support, and who do not support the mandate and from those who have expert knowledge on the issue. In this first step of problem framing, I would seek to establish the conditions created by the problem such as fear that the government is overstepping its constitutional rights and mandate. Additionally, my coverage would assess whether the problem is drawing from the statement of the mandate. I would determine the goals of the initiative and how well these goals have been understood by the opposing groups. I would determine the urgency of the problem for example by looking at stipulated timeline of the mandate and the potential benefits that those opposed to it could miss. I would close my problem framing with both short-term and long-term objectives of viable solutions (Persily, 2013). Using the domains approach, I would cover the way different dimensions interplay in the occurrence of the contention on contraception mandate. In the legal domain, I would consider how the mandate touches on areas such as reproductive health rights, the bill of human rights, and freedom of religion. In the religious domain, I would consider the doctrinal elements of different religious and denominations that are opposed to the mandate. The economic domain is also coming in as an integral domain because some of those opposed to the mandate are employers. I would cover the role of the medical domain to the issue of contraception mandate (Persily, 2013). After covering the story from the aforementioned approaches, I would conclude by looking the viable solutions to the opposition faced by the contraception mandate. One of the solutions that resolve the opposition against the

Capstone Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Capstone Project - Essay Example Identify a problem, issue or educational deficit upon which to build a proposal for change. Several children have been repeatedly brought to Kansas Hospital due to incidents of frequently repeating infections such as pneumonia, pyelonephritis and soft tissue infections to name a few (Zarbock, 2005). Symptoms of polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, weight loss, fatigue and increased frequency of infections were also observed from the young patients (Banaga-Perez, 2008). The children were taken to undergo a more accurate assessment for the possibility of having diabetes. Indeed, most of them go back and forth to the hospital because they are positive with Type 1 Diabetes. This incidence has been increasing for the past years. Parents of the patients have been agitated on the medical condition that their children are facing. They also have learned that Type 1 diabetes or Juvenile Onset Diabetes has put their children in a delicate condition that it is actually life-threatening if not prope rly treated. Since there is no known cure yet for diabetes, its management, especially when implemented in a home setting, is critical. However, more Type 1 Diabetes patients have been diagnosed in the hospital. Families of patients have become stressed and worried on the fact that it is a serious disease that have made the children suffer and some had near-death experience. The nursing team of Kansas Hospital has then decided that Type 1 Diabetes patients and their families need more assistance aside from the medical attention they require. They knew that because of the prevalence of the disease, it can affect many people in various settings. That whether a patient has been hospitalized for another case, they cannot just administer any medicine or treatment if the patient is diabetic. Thus the nursing care they provide becomes more complex specializing on the needs of a diabetic patient. To address more appropriately the needs of increasing diabetic patients, the nursing team decid ed to initiate a Diabetes Clinic within the hospital. The Diabetes Clinic aims to provide and disseminate more information to the patients and their families, and also other people who may be concerned about this disease. It aims to educate its stakeholders on proper management of Type 1 diabetes so home care can be done effectively especially that diabetes is largely a patient-managed disease (Zarbock, 2005). The Diabetes Clinic also aims to provide motivation to the patients and their relatives about the perseverance to care for their health and that all their efforts will produce good results. The nurses will inform them about the new medicines, intervention programmes and treatments available and, how this can be appropriate their specific cases. Importantly, being able to help patients handle diabetes management in a less stressful manner is also the goal of the team. They understand that diabetes complications include emotional shifting as well leading to anger, frustration an d fear and this affects the

Assignment 480 ch.6 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

480 ch.6 - Assignment Example This is therefore, a crucial process that will help match the goals and values of the hospital with the needs and expectations of the new employee. The essay will outline the process that will be used in hiring a nurse and develop a job description for this position. As earlier stated, the hospital does not have both the job description, and the hiring procedure. As a human resource specialist, my first objective will to develop the description and specifications of the job, and in our case is nursing. Job analysis is the first step when developing a job description. This will include gathering data on the nature, and position of the job vacancy at the hospital (Arthur, 2012). This will help determine the personal characteristic, knowledge, skills, and other characteristics, (KSAOs), that the job demands. The data gathered will be recorded in a document entailing the specifications and descriptions of the job. The two documents will aid the recruiters and applicants on learning the objectives and requirements of the job vacancy. The second step will involve developing a hiring procedure/process for the hospital. The role of the hiring procedure is to ensure that the hiring is in accordance the values, capacities, and need of the hospital. Additionally, it helps in identification of the system and tools that will aid the hiring process (Arthur, 2012). For the hospital to hire the best candidate there is need for the presence of a large number of applicants. The applicants are informed through employee referral, advertisements, walk-ins, and school recruiters, depending on the cost, time, and resources available. Selection techniques are then employed to ensure the candidate who is best qualified is selected for the job. Scientific selection methods are also employed when selecting the employee. In our case, the hiring procedure will be simple but effective since it is only meant to address one

Capstone Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Capstone Project - Essay Example Identify a problem, issue or educational deficit upon which to build a proposal for change. Several children have been repeatedly brought to Kansas Hospital due to incidents of frequently repeating infections such as pneumonia, pyelonephritis and soft tissue infections to name a few (Zarbock, 2005). Symptoms of polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, weight loss, fatigue and increased frequency of infections were also observed from the young patients (Banaga-Perez, 2008). The children were taken to undergo a more accurate assessment for the possibility of having diabetes. Indeed, most of them go back and forth to the hospital because they are positive with Type 1 Diabetes. This incidence has been increasing for the past years. Parents of the patients have been agitated on the medical condition that their children are facing. They also have learned that Type 1 diabetes or Juvenile Onset Diabetes has put their children in a delicate condition that it is actually life-threatening if not prope rly treated. Since there is no known cure yet for diabetes, its management, especially when implemented in a home setting, is critical. However, more Type 1 Diabetes patients have been diagnosed in the hospital. Families of patients have become stressed and worried on the fact that it is a serious disease that have made the children suffer and some had near-death experience. The nursing team of Kansas Hospital has then decided that Type 1 Diabetes patients and their families need more assistance aside from the medical attention they require. They knew that because of the prevalence of the disease, it can affect many people in various settings. That whether a patient has been hospitalized for another case, they cannot just administer any medicine or treatment if the patient is diabetic. Thus the nursing care they provide becomes more complex specializing on the needs of a diabetic patient. To address more appropriately the needs of increasing diabetic patients, the nursing team decid ed to initiate a Diabetes Clinic within the hospital. The Diabetes Clinic aims to provide and disseminate more information to the patients and their families, and also other people who may be concerned about this disease. It aims to educate its stakeholders on proper management of Type 1 diabetes so home care can be done effectively especially that diabetes is largely a patient-managed disease (Zarbock, 2005). The Diabetes Clinic also aims to provide motivation to the patients and their relatives about the perseverance to care for their health and that all their efforts will produce good results. The nurses will inform them about the new medicines, intervention programmes and treatments available and, how this can be appropriate their specific cases. Importantly, being able to help patients handle diabetes management in a less stressful manner is also the goal of the team. They understand that diabetes complications include emotional shifting as well leading to anger, frustration an d fear and this affects the

Student Teacher Essay Example for Free

Student Teacher Essay The relationship that a teacher and student share is of trust, respect and devotion. Teachers influence their students by shaping their rational and moral virtues and hence, play an important role in molding the society as a whole. The education system of ancient India and Greece shared some common characteristics. In both cultures, teachers and their disciples conglomerated at specific places earmarked for educational purposes. This is where students gained both spiritual and material education from their teachers. All ancient societies functioned according to a set of moral codes and social hierarchy and teachers were at the apex of the social system. During this time, teachers were revered and considered as equivalent to Gods. Students were completely devoted to their teachers and were willing to fulfill all the responsibilities, conferred upon them by their teachers, unflinchingly. One of the quintessential examples of student teacher relationship is that of Chanakya and Chandra-Gupta Maurya. With the passage of time however, the ancient tradition of conglomerating at educational places ceased to exist in its original form and was replaced by more modern practices of schools, colleges and universities. However, the respect paid to teachers is still the same. even in this modern era, teachers share a close emotional attachment with their students. The ancient history of education systems is rife with several examples of great student teacher relationships such as Socrates-Plato, Plato-Aristotle etc. It is beyond the scope of dubiety that teachers, since ages, have played a major role in the life of an individual and his/her overall upbringing. Teachers are the beacons of light that lead people to success and glory. They are the ones who recognize the talents of their students and encourage them to move further and assist them in reaching the zenith of their potential. Let us dedicate this Teachers day to all those teachers who, through their talent, patience, wisdom and astute judgment of character, shaped the fates of many individuals who influenced the society as a whole. Go through this section and understand the kind of relationship that many of the historys famous students and teachers shared. These great teachers and their students have influenced human philosophies and ideologies since ancient times. Read the kind of relationship these student-teacher duos shared. Certainly, it will be a great experience to learn about those great souls with an insight on how they influenced their students lives and the whole mankind. Plato The Wonderful Teacher Plato was a classical Greek philosopher and mathematician. He was a student of Socrates, the founder of the Academy in Athens and a well-known Greek scholar who is renowned for his philosophies. Plato, along with Socrates, played a vital role in laying foundations of Western philosophy and science. Plato was a highly sophisticated writer and his works demonstrate this. Though the exact place and time of his birth is unknown, it is certain that he belonged to an aristocratic family. According to most of the scholars, Plato was born between 429 and 423 BC. His father, Ariston, is believed to be a descendent of the king of Athens and the king of Messenia. Platos mother, Perictione, also belonged to an aristocratic family which boasted of close connections with the famous Athenian lawmaker and lyric poet, Solon. According to Diogenes Laà «rtius, biographer of Greek philosophers, Plato was named as Aristocles but, his wrestling trainer called him Platon, a Greek word meaning broad. Plato learned grammar, music and gymnastics from the most eminent teachers of his time. He travelled to many places like Italy, Sicily, egypt and Cyrene. He returned to his hometown Athens at the age of 40 after which he founded the Academy, one of the earliest known organized schools in Western civilization. There are various speculations related to Platos death. One version states that he died on his bed, while other states that he died during a marriage feast. Aristotle The Lofty Student Aristotle was a famous Greek philosopher whose expertise was not confined just to philosophy but, extended to various other subjects like physics, metaphysics, biology, zoology, music, theater, logic, linguistics, politics and government. He was rightly named Aristotle which literally means the best purpose. Aristotle was born to Nicomachus, who himself was a physician to King Amyntas of Macedon. Thus, Aristotle was born, brought up, and educated as a member of the aristocratic society. He attended Platos Academy at the age of eighteen and remained there for about twenty years. It is said that he left the academy after Platos death, disappointed with the decision of making Platos nephew, Speusippus, his successor at the Academy. By 335 BC, Aristotle established a new school, Lyceum and conducted courses for the next twelve years. Aristotle got married to Pythias and she died after some years of togetherness. He then married Herpyllis and had a son Nicomachus, who was named after Aristotles father. He studied almost every subject known at that time. He was so passionate about exploring new areas of knowledge that not only did he master many subjects, but also made many significant contributions to most of the domains. He is famous for his major contributions like theory of universals, classical elements, potentiality and actuality, causality, four causes, chances and spontaneity, observations on electric fish and catfish and writings on octopus, sepia and paper nautilus. Apply yourself both now and in the next life. Without effort, you cannot be prosperous. Though the land be good, you cannot have an abundant crop without cultivation. These golden words come from a person who is still revered for his great philosophies. Yes, Plato had a very practical outlook on life. He believed in human skills but insisted that people must put great effort and use their skills for the good of the entire mankind. Plato respected his teacher, the famous philosopher, Socrates very much and he propagated most of his teachers philosophy through his works. Many scholars consider Platos dialogues as the most comprehensive accounts of Socratess Philosophy. It would be great to learn about the life and contribution of this highly eminent teacher-student duo, especially, on such a wonderful day like Teachers Day. Read further to know about their life and the kind of relationship they shared. Socrates Socrates was a classical Greek Athenian Philosopher. He is revered as one of the founders of Western philosophy. Interestingly, he had not penned any philosophical works. His philosophies were propagated through the works of his students like Plato and Xenophon. The details of this great philosophers life can be found from three sources Platos and Xenophons dialogues and Aristophaness plays. Aristophanes, in his play, The Clouds, depicts Socrates as a clown who teaches his students to hoodwink their way out of the debt. Aristophaness works are famous for their parody style of presentation and hence, this characterization is also considered as parodic. According to Platos works, Socrates was born to Sophroniscus and his wife Phaenarete. Socrates married Xanthippe, who was much younger to him. The couple had three sons, Lamprocles, Sophroniscus and Menexenus. According to the ancient texts, Socrates did not work and hence, how he earned a living is still not clear. Though Aristophanes, The Clouds, Socrates is said to have accepted fees for teaching. However according to Plato and Xenophon, he never accepted any fees or remuneration. Socrates criticized democracy and claimed loyalty to his city and went against the normal course of Athenian politics and democracy. It is believed that his attempts to improve the Athenian sense of Justice was not accepted but was severely criticized and this could probably be the reason that he was sentenced to death. He was accused of corrupting the minds of the youth in Athens. He was asked to drink a mixture containing poison hemlock and was executed this way. Plato Plato, the classical Greek philosopher and mathematician, was a student of Socrates and the founder of the Academy in Athens. Socrates was popular for his philosophies. Plato was one of the most famous students of Socrates and he, along with Socrates, played a vital role in laying foundations of Western philosophy and science. Platos high sophistication of writing is evident in his works. There is no dependable source of information regarding the exact place and time of his birth but, it is certain that he belonged to an aristocratic family. However, depending on the most popular scholars, he was born between 429 and 423 BC to an aristocratic family. Ariston, Platos father, is believed to have been the son of the king of Athens and the king of Messenia. Platos mother, Perictione also belonged to an aristocratic family. He was not originally named as Plato but as Aristocles. He was called Plato for the first time by his wrestling trainer, who called him Platon, a Greek word which meaning broad. Plato was trained in various subjects like grammar, music and gymnastics from the most eminent teachers of his time. Plato travelled a lot. He had visited many places like Italy, Sicily, egypt and Cyrene. However, he returned to his hometown Athens and founded the Academy, one of the earliest known organized schools in Western civilization. The exact place and cause of death of this great philosopher is not clear, there are various speculations related to his death. According to one version, he died on his bed, while other states that he died during a marriage feast. The Teacher-Student Duo Socrates and Plato were very close to each other, and Plato was very much influenced by Socrates philosophies. Platos works have been considered as one of the major sources of Socrates philosophies. According to Platos work Apology of Socrates, he had mentioned that Socrates considered Plato as one of the youths close to him. Socrates, on his speech regarding his death sentence, asked the public that if he had corrupted the youth. And if so, why then Platos and any of the other youths fathers did not have any problem with him. However, Plato was not present at the prison on Socratess last day. According to historical sources, Plato was ill that day.

Power Of Advergaming And Its Impacts On Consumers Marketing Essay

Power Of Advergaming And Its Impacts On Consumers Marketing Essay Within the concept of social media, the mass media marketing strategy is one of the crucial tools of product placement on the commercial persuasion and entertainment. Thesis: Assessment of advergaming with respect to its development process, impacts and usage; how usage of advergaming changes as product type differs and; what are the advantages/strengths and disadvantages/weaknesses of advergaming. INTRODUCTION TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTERS 1. ADVERAGAMING AS MASS MEDIA MARKETING STRATEGY 1.1. DEFINITION OF ADVERGAMING 1.2. DEVELOPING AN ADVERGAME /ADVERGAMING AS A FUTURE TOOL 2. USAGE OF ADVERGAMING BY BRANDS 2.1. THE INTERNET EFFECT 2.2. IN GAME ADVEISING VIRAL MARKETING 3. THE IMPACT OF ADVERGAMING 3.1. INFLUENCE ON PLAYER 3.2. RESEARCH ON CUSTOMER BEHAVIOR 4. DIFFERENCE THAN OTHER ADVERTISING TOOLS 4.1. ADVANTAGES/STRENGTHS 4.2. DISADVANTAGES/WEAKNESSES 5. USAGE OF ADVERGAMING IN TURKEY ***EXAMPLES 6. HOW USAGE OF ADVERGAMING CHANGES AS PRODUCT TYPE DIFFERS CONCLUSION REFERENCES ADVERAGAMING AS MASS MEDIA MARKETING STRATEGY Definition of Advergaming The question of what advergaming is can be approximated in diffrent ways. In the manner of linguistic portmanteau it is of advertising and gaming. Techniquely, it is the practice of using video games to advertise a product, organization or viewpoint. [2] As a term, it was coined in January 2000 by Anthony Giallourakis. Later on it was mentioned by Wireds Jargon Watch column in 2001. [2] An advergame is an online video game that has brand related images and/or themes embedded within it. As marketers have begun to catch on to the idea, Websites containing advergames have been published by a diverse variety of corporations and non-profit organizations. [1] Besides the usages of product placement within a game, a more effective and innovative way of designing a game only for the purpose of advertising a brand or a product is recently being used by advertiser in order to reach to targets on an online platform. Advergames are such video games which are funded directly by an advertiser. Also, they usually are distributed free of charge to the consumers. The differences between the product placement and advergaming was clearly determined in the book Changing the Game, by David Edery and Ethan Mollic like highly integrated product placement, well-designed advergames have the power to entertain consumers in an engaging and informative way. On the other hand, unlike product placement advergames offer business more control over the context in which the brand is experienced by consumers and saves them the possible hassle of operating within the constraints imposed by game developers. [3] To sum up, advergaming is an interactive game-product created for being more well known by the customers and increasing brand equity. The core idea of advergame is receiving information while entertaining the game. The other facilities of advergames will be examined in the following sections. Developing an Advergame / Advergaming as a future tool Advergames are still a very new research area. With the usage of simulations, advergames aims to inform the customers about what they will experience after trying the product in real life. Advergames also have the ability to create curiosity in the minds of targets which would lead a high selling rate. One o the greatest example of advergaming is the Americans Army. [8] The actual aim behind developing such a game was first by tempting the gamers being a solider, increasing the army population. Today, the game has more than 100.000 gamers. Similarly, in order to take attention to the hunger and starvation problem in the world, United Nations also developed an advergame called Food Force. These two huge projects show us how much an advergame would be powerful and influential in the log run. The benefits of advergames such as; the brand image reinforcement, databases created from the advergame can be used for demographics research, targeted markets can be reached by your advertising (when the game link is emailed), visitors may spend more time on your site, increased traffic due to viral marketing. [5] USAGE OF ADVERGAMING While the usage of advergaming being explained, firstly the question of why advergames should be used has to be answered. Most of the advertisement forms cause the customers to loose their interest and patience. So therefore, advergames which has the benefits mentioned above are very welcomed as an innovative way of both advertising and advertainment. The reason is because; the high interaction attracts consumers to join the game. In the world of Advergame, the participation of game is the participation of advertisement. [9] Interactivity, uniqueness, viality, technology are the basic content for the question of how an advergame should be. [9] Secondly, the brands should care about the following points if they want to use advergames more effectively and create powerful advergames. The steps can be sorted as first, brand and target group positioning analysis (e-marketing strategy analysis) have to be done. Later, game planning and design (Market specific game planning and project plan) is needed to be completed. Third, creative design and programming (art design and art programming development) is also necessary for a strong advergame. Then, game promotion and publication (make the website promotion plan) and collection and analysis of statistics emerges. Lastly, online evaluation and suggestions are done for a complete advergame. [9] All in all, the usage of advergames has to be considered in two perspectives which are why a company should take advantage of advergames and how should it create a more powerful one in order to reach more customers and have more profit. In the following parts the internet effect in our lives will be considered to give a wider point of view that the advergames are the most influential and powerful tools of online advertising. Further, the in-game advergaming and viral marketing concepts which are the tools of advergaming process will briefly be explained. The Internet effect Since reaching the most number of customers is the main aim of brands to increase their profits, in order to be being known by a wider mass, they first have to conquer the areas used by these customers. Internet is one of these fields since it is being used by almost everyone nowadays. In his article The Ability of Branded Online Games to Build Brand Equity: An Exploratory Study, David Deal approaches the increasing usage of internet as a growing trend toward turning off the television and tuning in to the Internet is forcing many marketers to enter a relatively unexplored advertising arena where the best methods of reaching and influencing customers are as yet unknown.[1] In the article he also argues, the studies have found that many Internet users spend their online time by playing video games. This realization, with the help of the researches leads a new mass media marketing strategy that integrates games with advertisements which is advergaming: a hybrid form of branded entertai nment. [1] The growing use and acceptance of internet in our lives, forced the marketers to use new media rich forms of online entertainment ways where they are more interactive and incorporated than previous ones. This also results with spending less time with traditional media, especially television. The rest of the leisure time is being preferred to be spent on internet. [1] Therefore, one of the best ways to include a marketing message which is needed to be reallocated by the companies, become internet. Furthermore, a greater portion of the internet population is getting used to the new forms of entertainment, especially with the available video games. [1] That is actually where advergaming takes its power from. Within the last ten years, the aim of reaching these online consumers was very crucial for advertisers. In order to discover that how much an average individual looks at a Website page, there have been several studies done. The results show less than half of all banner ads to which people were exposed, are being perceived. [5, 9] As a result, advertisements that people purposely avoid viewing simply do not have an opportunity to make an impression. [1] Then the idea of forcing the consumers to look at these online ads became a new trend. The pop-ups, interstitials, and pop-unders which were very intrusive, were found to be even more disliked than banner ads. [1] One of the imported points of this type of advertising is the amount of time that the gamers spend not only by playing the game but also by interacting with an advergame and as a result being exposed to the marketing message. There are several factors determine the time interval such as age, gender, type of game, and involvem ent with brand or product. The duration can range from 5-7 minutes (for a typical scenario) to 35 minutes (such as for Coca-Colas Live the Madness game) or longer [13, 16]. [1] In game advertising Viral Marketing Advergaming can be achieved mainly by two different ways. First, the brands can prepare thir own games and present to the customers. Second, they can also place the ad in to the games that already exist and have many players. The Sims or Second Life would be given as examples. The second is also named as in-game advertising. Moreover, beyond in-game advertising, Internet also encourages the gamers (users) to invite their friends to participate the games which could favor promotion form mouth to mouth, or viral marketing [2] where it can be defined as a marketing technique whereby information about a companys goods or services is passed electronically from one Internet user to another. In game advertising is being used very commonly since it is easier and less costly for a company than building their own online game. Also, by placing their logos, brand images, or the products as a simulation into a game, which is widely being played all around the world, companies can increase the probability to reach more and more customers. It is a huge arena so that impacts will also be quite large. THE IMPACT OF ADVERGAMING Influence on children Nutritious vs. Obesity Advergames are one of the most used marketing strategies to attract children and teenagers, creating in them an emotional link with the brand. This strategy can modify attitudes, in many occasions without applying responsible consumption, because the processes by which children purchases decisions are made are not as structured as adult decisions. [7] Its Childs Play: Advergaming and the Online Marketing of Food to Children [10] how advergames, which are online computer games developed to market a product, affect consumption of healthier and less healthy snacks by lowincome African American children.[6] Playing With Food: Content Analysis of Food Advergames [11] iyi anlamda Games with an Agenda: Entertainment for Consciousness Building [12] Researchs on customer and advergame relation Since the advergaming concept is a new format of advertising, even though it appears as promising, there have been a very little number of researches on it that scientifically prove its effectiveness. Also the adoption of the customers all around the world has not been justified yet and still unknown. [1] However, its potential cannot be underestimated. Before considering some of the researches and their results, it is necessary to mention that, since the advergaming is an internet based online advertisement form and most of the user or gamer population is composed of children and teenagers, the advergames target these two groups at most. However, the recent researches demonstrate that not only kids and teens but also many other surfers play advergames. 59% of the boys ages 13 to 17, 62% of the men ages 18 to 24 who go online, the largest group of women game players is between the ages of 45 and 54. [5] So therefore, according to that statistics it can be claimed that the advergaming is not only for kids any more. Here are some of the research examples and it will be examined that how there researches resulted in the means of advergaming. These types of researches are trying to measure the effects of online advertising on customers, by comparing interactive and non-interactive ads in order to determine their relative efficiencies across brand equity. At the end, it is concluded that visually stimulating and interactive forms of advertising are more effective at brand building in the sense of components of brand equity (aided brand awareness, online ad awareness, message association, brand favorability, and purchase intent). Indeed, highly interactive and animated advertising format could be expected to have a greater impact on brand equity than a traditional banner advertisement.[1] Some other studies are trying to figure out the emotional attachment of users to the brand. They claim that this emotional arousal generated by a brand with an interactive format of advertising increases an individuals attitude toward the advertisement positively to which they are exposed. The results show that the greater degrees of interactivity with an advertisement produced the higher levels of appreciation for the ad itself and for the Website on which it was deployed. [1] To sum up, researches have found that the less time a person that enjoys an advertisement spends thinking about the actual marketing message itself, the more they will like the advertisement [18]. [1] These studies indicate that for the advertisement the advergames could be expected to have a high level of appreciation. DIFFERENCE THAN OTHER ADVERTISING TOOLS Advantages/strengths A 2002 study comparing different ad types [12] found that advertisements that involved animations and/or interactivity were twice as effective as ordinary banner ads at generating message association, a component of brand equity. Interactive ads were compared to non-interactive ads to determine their relative merits across five different components of brand equity (aided brand awareness, online ad awareness, message association, brand favorability, and purchase intent). Disadvantages/weaknesses USAGE OF ADVERGAMING IN TURKEY Examples Rabarba.com HOW USAGE OF ADVERGAMING CHANGES AS PRODUCT TYPE DIFFERS CONLUSION Traditional product placement has taken on new meaning and force.

Criminal Investigation Essays -- Crime Scene Investigation

Research Project Outline I. Crime Scene Investigation a.} Crime Scene Evidence b.} Police Evidence c.} Forensic science d.} Hazards Crime Scene Evidence II. Due Process-Search and Seizure: a.} Washington State Supreme Court a.a} Effects of Criminal investigations b.} Local Criminal Trials c.} Significance of the 4th, 5th, 6th, and 14th Amendments on Criminal Investigations d.} Probable Cause d.a} Discovery Doctrine d.b} Exclusionary Rule e.} Plain View Searches f.} Search Warrants *(ev∙i∙dence) 1. The data on which a conclusion or judgment may be based 3. Law, The documentary or verbal statements and material objects admissible as testimony in a court of law 1. Evidence: Law officials have used this term to describe any or all items that are seen, heard, or scientifically examined. This evidence is what is found and discovered from a crime. It may be what is or was found at the crime scene. It also could be pictures from a DV case, it may be a telephone recording a conversation of a crime being committed. In most cases, the physical evidence that has been identified at any crime scene gets collected. Presently, especially pertaining to violent crimes such a homicides, murders, and armed robbery, the local law officers bring in special trained law enforcement agencies. The local police and in many counties, the sheriffs, are not trained for these types of scenes. They need to call in the big guns (per say). So when the local law is called to a scene, the will investigate the scene and from that determine how to proceed to collect evidence. For example: Your neighbor, Joe the plumber, got mad about your dogs that were barking all night long. Finally got fed up with the barking and came o... ...is prepared for the trial. Within such rules falls the exclusionary rule; it is designed to stop any evidence that was obtained illegally. This rule upholds the defendants Fourth Amendment rights. References: 1. Criminal Investigation Book, Sixth Edition. Author Michael D. Lyman - pages 10-11 2. Criminal Investigation Book, Sixth Edition. Author Michael D. Lyman - pages 78 and 90 3. www.wisegeek.com/bill of rights 4. Criminal Investigation Book, Sixth Edition. Author Michael D. Lyman - pages 151 and 152 5. probable cause 6. Criminal Investigation Book, Sixth Edition. Author Michael D. Lyman - page 151 7. Criminal Investigation Book, Sixth Edition. Author Michael D. Lyman - page 619 8. Criminal Investigation Book, Sixth Edition. Author Michael D. Lyman - page 619

8th grade graduation speech -- essays research papers

My fellow classmen, as we look back on our years here at school we should remember the meaningful words of a fellow class member of mine when she said, "Dude, where's my iPod?" It's hard for me to think of a better way to describe the many layers of adolescence, because deep down aren?t we all "dudes?" Do we not all have our inner "iPods", and are we not constantly searching for them? Now, we're leaving our childhood behind to study the vast sphere we call planet Earth, into the notorious world of high school, where things will be so much different. Of course we will still have our varied studies, Geometry, Biology, maybe even Forensics or an Accelerated English class here and there. We will still struggle with the daily setbacks formed by peers and strict teachers and principals. But so much of our lives will change. The cars in the parking lot will be driven by, well, students. Our male friends will grow a little fuzzy around the face, and of course, our day will most likely begin with a bell that actually works. As we face our freshman year with excitement and maybe even fear, l...

History revision Essay

History- What historians chose to interpret from the surviving evidence of the past Source + Historians = Histories All historians have their own views and interests due to their upbringing hence that the process of selection and interpretation distorts our ‘knowledge’ further. Issues in historiography Training of historians Objectivity in history Oral societies and history Problems of historical research Universal history Evidence- selection Source- How? Truth- Consensuses Context/ Perspectives Selection- Who decides? Interpretation Revision Ideology- Reputation, perspective, emerging ideas, lack of evidence Language and technique- To place emphasis and how historians chose to say Methodology- How the way you put the sources? (cross-examine, verification) Facts in history History from ‘above or below’ Motive Judgement- Whose? Audience Linguistics History and Ideology- Political beliefs influence Explicit vs. Implicit Something clearly or implied Form of literature- poems, speech â€Å"What are historical facts? † – Carl Becker 1. History is subjective- personal desires and prejudices (history changes along with society’s values) 2. History is interpreted differently between people (interpreting what in the past is though) 3. History cannot be re-enacted as a series of events 4. History is written on how much the Historian can extract from the evidence and his knowledge- background, audience, purpose, motive. 5. History is pre-occupied with ‘cold’ and ‘hard’ facts and not small detail (the obvious history) Case Study: Herodotus The historian Born at Halicarnassus (485 BC – 425 BC) Exiled due to conspiring against Persians Merchant and traveller Greek Historian Cannot be free form bias (critical judgement) Educated (upper class) Harnessed ill feelings towards Persian Motive and Purpose for Writing â€Å"These are the researches of Herodotus of Halicarnassus, which he publishes, in the hope of thereby preserving from decay the remembrance of what men have done, and of preventing the great and wonderful actions of the Greeks and the foreigners from losing their due need of glory; and to put on record what were their grounds of feud† To commemorate To preserve the memory of the past by putting on record the astonishing achievements both of his and other people and more particularly. To show how they come into conflict To record the â€Å"glory† of Greeks To record stories even where truth is impossible (fantasises, legends) Inspired by Home and Hecateus Methodology and Technique Witness accounts Values Reports Sources Interests Viewpoints Evidence Books Entertainment Evidence Observations The Mind Enquiries Language and Style (words and phrases chosen, speeches, audience) Future Generations People’s viewpoint/ interpretation Memories Opinions Rumours Claims Honour Home and Hecateus Orally- entertaining Conflicting accounts Type of History Anthropology- study of mankind Ethnology Traditions, cultures and religious stories- oracles, wonders, marvels, dreams, myths, omens, sacrifices, prophecies, fables Societies- common practices Orators, politicians, demagogues, battles and warriors Polyphonic Constructed and recorded Books- customs, legends, history and tradition (The Histories) War between Persia and Greece Social and literary narrative Similar work style from predecessors (Homer and Hecateus: oral historians) Knowledge from his extensive travels Consulted witnesses and examined whenever possible and dreams, oracles and portents His opinion on plausible reports from implausible ones Intention of publishing hence being bias (perspective) Poetry (exaggeration) Impact of the historian on historiography Set a ‘standard’ no matter what (guidelines and rules) Creation of Western historical writing Include everything/ everybody Based on research Establishes historical writing as freely economic, political and diplomatic, social, sexual, religious, military or naval History as a field (social, cultural, gendered, religious, political, military An enquiry Storytelling and discipline Father of history and lies Establishes history as a mode of storytelling Post modernism Vocabulary Commemorative Divine intervention Greek pride Patriotic Remembrance Perspective of elite Greek society Broad Perspective Plethora Case Study- Thucydides The historian 460BC- 400 BC Elite, wealthy, male Early military career was cut short due to plague in Athens One of Athens’ ten generals Failing to save Amphipholis, he spends 20 years in exile. He returned at 404 BC. He has the opportunity to travel to both sides during the Peloponnesian War Age of the sophists- uses debates and rhetoric to argue issues Sceptical and rational Motive and Purpose for Writing â€Å"My work is not a piece of writing designed to meet the taste of an immediate public, but was done to last for ever† â€Å"I have written my work, not as an essay which is to win the applause of the moment, but as a possession for all time† Wrote the history of the war between the Peloponnesians and the Athenians â€Å"that it would be a great war and more worthy of relation than any that had preceded it† Does not glorify war To record Methodology and Technique High value on eyewitness testimonies Episodes of himself taking part Consulted written documents Interviews of participants Does not recognise divine interventions Modern historical objectivity Chronology- summers and winters Debates that he records From memory Sharp analysis of causes and effects Language and Style (words and phrases chosen, speeches, audience) To last through the ages Prose literature Speeches- adds realism Cross-examination Validity of their ideas on logic and rational thinking Debates Morals Type of History Political and military history Detailed writing of military, naval battles, preparation for battles, encouraging speeches by generals, effects and consequences of war Peloponnesians War Events (no arts, literature or society) War of Greeks- disputes, colonies, war, envoys Fast moving, precise, directed, decisive, carefully structured and highly analytic Strict chronological method Monologic Constructed and recorded Sophist’s speeches (used debates and arguments and counter argument, view and counter view, opinion and counter opinion) Objective Book- History of the Peloponnesian War Headlined and narrow events- military and political and diplomatic Impact of the historian on historiography Invention of a chronological way Developed an understanding of human nature explaining behaviours in such crises (plagues, massacres and civil war) instead on divine intervention History is based on logic and rational reasons and thinking Increased of accuracy and reliability of sources Sharp analysis of causes and effect Father of â€Å"scientific history†- strict standard of evidence gathering and analysing of evidence History was to learn from the past therefore making better decisions in the future Didactic- to teach Vocabulary Rhetoric of uncertainty with phrases like Devoted in evoking in detail Focus on a great historical period, a period of war Analytical No criticisms Refers to an interpretation Innovative Critical World history Case Study- Horrible Histories, Teary Deary Aim/ purpose: Entertainment, monetary, children’s interest in history Motive: Make a statement (anti-authority & context) as school interest in history is declining Methodology: Consults historians (record, writing, collecting) Have professional actors Scripts (Performance) Series on Television (BBC) Language/ style: Colourful bright colours In a humorous way â€Å"Stories about people, in dramatic situations, with jokes† Gags Imagination Impact: Refocus the presentation of history to young children From being dry and dull to with humour History is now acceptable to be shown on TV for children Information of history has changed dramatically Case Study- Bede